Author: April Kingsman

A group of cows that are managed together for breeding and production purposes. The cowherd is the foundation of a cattle breeding program. For instance, a cowherd may consist of various breeds selected for specific traits.

Ley: A ley is 1. a field in which crops are grown in rotation with periods when the field is sown with grass for pasture. Leys are an essential part of organic farming. 2. land which has been sown to grass for a time. Utilizing leys in crop rotation can improve soil health and fertility.

twist: A disease of cereals and grasses which causes malformation of the leaves and stalks due to the growth of internal fungus. This may prevent the ear emerging from its sheath (Dilophospora alopecuri). Recognizing and managing twist can prevent crop losses and improve yield.

swampy: referring to land that is permanently wet. Properly managing swampy lands ensures biodiversity and ecological balance, supporting sustainable land use and agricultural productivity.

Field Drainage: Building drains in or under fields to remove surplus water. Proper field drainage prevents waterlogging, improves soil health, and enhances crop growth.

water mill: A mill which is driven by the power of a stream of water which turns a large wheel. Utilizing water mills can provide sustainable energy and milling options for farms.

drought stress: A lack of growth caused by drought. Drought stress can reduce crop yields and affect plant health. Farmers can mitigate drought stress by using irrigation, mulching, and selecting drought-tolerant crop varieties.

Freehold: The absolute right to hold land or property for an unlimited time without paying rent. Properly managing freehold property supports long-term farm stability and investment.

strike: the infestation of the flesh of sheep by the larvae of blowflies. It causes extreme irritation and death can occur in a short time. Managing strike ensures sheep health and productivity, preventing losses and supporting farm profitability.

Northern Dairy Shorthorn: a dairy breed of cattle, which comes from the old Teeswater cattle, with perhaps a little Ayrshire blood. It is now established as a pure breed. The most popular color is light roan, but red, white, and mixtures of shades are found. The animals are thrifty, hardy, and suitable for harsh upland conditions. The Northern Dairy Shorthorn breed is valued for its adaptability, hardiness, and milk production in challenging environments. Farmers can benefit from raising this breed to produce high-quality milk and maintain resilient herds. Understanding the breed’s specific care and management needs helps optimize production and enhance farm profitability.